Skip to content

Running Amix in WinUAE

WinUAE is the long-standing reference emulator for Amix ✅. It combines accurate 68030 MMU emulation (added in WinUAE 2.6.0, 2013) with working Amiga SCSI and tape emulation — the two things Amix cannot boot or install without. Amiberry (8.3.0 or newer) is also a full install-and-run target, and it is the emulator the amigaux 1.0 classic 68030 kit is validated on ✅. This page gives you the complete, copy-checkable settings table and the step-by-step path to the first boot prompt. Get one of the four highlighted rows wrong (MMU, JIT, "More Compatible", or the two SCSI IDs) and Amix will either panic, freeze, or fail to find its disk.

If you want the why behind these settings, see how Amix uses the hardware. For the install itself once you have a booting emulator, see the install walkthrough. For a non-Windows host, see Running Amix in FS-UAE.

Before you start: what you need

You supply your own images — this repo does not ship them (it is a text knowledge hub; the 2026-09-23 licensing outcome, which lifted the Amix release restriction, is recorded in AGENTS.md §5). Get them from amigaunix.com and the Internet Archive Amix collection.

File What it is Where it goes
amix_2.1_boot.adf Bootable floppy: AmigaDOS bootblock + Amix bootstrap + compressed install kernel ✅ Floppy drive DF0
Distribution tape image The Amix package stream (cpio) read during install ✅ SCSI ID 4 (tape)
A blank RDB hardfile (.hdf), ~450–900 MB Becomes your Amix disk SCSI ID 6
A3000 Kickstart ROM 2.04 (rev 37.175) or 3.1 (40.68) ✅ ROM slot

Note: Amix does not use the Amiga custom chips and has no AmigaOS compatibility layer ✅ — it treats the machine as a generic 68030 Unix workstation. You are emulating an A3000UX-class machine, not a games Amiga.

The mandatory WinUAE configuration

All of the following are required for a clean boot. The four bolded rows are the ones that silently break Amix if set wrong. This table is ✅ except where a row carries 🟡.

WinUAE setting Value Why
CPU 68030 Required; Amix runs only on a real-MMU 68020/030 ✅
MMU ON Amix uses the full 68030 MMU (HAT layer); without it the kernel cannot map memory ✅
JIT OFF JIT translation causes kernel panics ✅
FPU 68882 Mandatory; there is no soft-float ✅
"More Compatible" OFF If ON, boot freezes (reported symptom: sort: fatal: line too long) 🟡
Wait for Blitter ON 🟡
ROM A3000 KS 2.04 (rev 37.175) or 3.1 (40.68) Must be an A3000 ROM ✅
Chip RAM 2 MB ✅
Fast RAM 16 MB A3000 motherboard RAM for the stock kernel; 64 MB with a kernel that probes for the A3000 SCSI The stock kernel's A3000-SCSI guess needs the kernel loaded above 0x07000000 (quirks §57); the old "more mis-maps the SCSI drive" story had the mechanism wrong, not the advice. Above that sits the describable-RAM limit (RAM ceiling) ✅
Floppy DF0 amix_2.1_boot.adf The bootable install floppy ✅
SCSI ID 4 Tape image Install script reads the distribution from /dev/rmt/4hn, hard-coded ✅
SCSI ID 6 RDB hardfile, ~450–900 MB The conventional Amix disk target — the installer prompts for it, but use 6 (see hardware) ✅

Why each gotcha bites

  • MMU ON / JIT OFF — these two are a pair. Amix is one of the very few classic-Amiga OSes that requires the MMU, and JIT and the MMU emulation do not coexist for it. JIT on → panic ✅.
  • More Compatible OFF — counter-intuitive, because for AmigaOS games you usually want it ON. For Amix it triggers a boot-time freeze 🟡.
  • The "16 MB Fast RAM ceiling" had the wrong mechanism (corrected 2026-09-29): with a bigger A3000 motherboard bank the stock kernel loads below 0x07000000, never registers the internal SCSI and cannot mount root (quirks §57) ✅. Kernels that probe for the controller run 64 MB; the 040/060 kernels run 128 MB ✅. (Far past this rule sits a second, silent limit on total describable RAM — see the RAM ceiling.)
  • SCSI ID 4 = tape, ID 6 = disk. The tape ID 4 is hard-coded (the scripts read /dev/rmt/4h and look nowhere else); the disk ID 6 is convention — the installer prompts for the disk target and computes the boot partition from c${SCSI}d0s${BOOTPART}. Use 6: it's the universal default and gets baked into the installed device names (/etc/vfstab), so you'd only have to undo it later. ✅/🟡
  • Which controller for the install disk + tape — put both on the A3000 onboard SCSI. ✅ (2026-07-05) WinUAE emulates the A4091 (53C710) for tapes (TAPEEMU) but not for hard disks — a hardfile attached at scsi6_a4091 is never seen by the installer's SCSI scan ("No hard disks attached", RDB or not). Put the target disk on the A3000 onboard SCSI (scsi_a3000=true, hardfile at scsi6_a3000); it is detected and installs. And keep the tape on the same controller as the disk — /dev/rmt/4hn (the ct tape) routes to card 0, so with the A3000 SCSI enabled (card 0) and an A4091 also present (card 1), a tape left on the a4091 gives A3000 Internal SCSI: tape ct4: SCSI timeout / cannot open. Both on the A3000 SCSI (card 0) → a full install (disk detect → partition → tape read → package install → reboot into the laid-down system) works.

See the quirks page for the full list of hard-coded assumptions, and the device list for the /dev/rmt/4h and /dev/dsk/c0d0s* naming.

Step by step to the first boot prompt

  1. Create the RDB hardfile. In WinUAE's hard-drive panel, add a new hardfile of ~450–900 MB. It must be presented as an RDB disk (the Amiga Rigid Disk Block scheme ✅), because the Amix installer scans the RDB to find a "suitable UNIX rdb". Assign it SCSI unit/ID 6.
Add Hardfile…
  Path:        a3000ux.hdf      (new, blank)
  Controller:  A3000/A3000T SCSI (or "SCSI")
  Unit (ID):   6
  RDB mode:    yes (let Amix partition it)

  1. Attach the tape image to SCSI ID 4. Add the distribution tape image as a SCSI device at ID 4. This is what the installer streams the OS from during install (dd if=/dev/rmt/4hn bs=256k | cpio -imdcu) ✅. You can ignore this row only if you intend a tape-free install (see below), but the standard, documented path uses it.

  2. Set CPU, MMU, JIT, FPU. CPU = 68030, MMU = ON, JIT = OFF, FPU = 68882. Turn "More Compatible" OFF and "Wait for Blitter" ON.

  3. Set RAM. Chip = 2 MB, Fast = 16 MB of A3000 motherboard RAM for the stock kernel, up to 64 MB with a kernel that probes for the A3000 SCSI ✅. (16 MB is what amigaunix.com and the FS-UAE configs document — right for the stock kernel, for a reason found only in 2026: quirks §57. Stay under the describable-RAM limit for your kernel — the RAM ceiling.)

  4. Set the ROM. Point the Kickstart ROM at an A3000 ROM image: 2.04 (37.175) or 3.1 (40.68) ✅.

  5. Insert the boot floppy. Put amix_2.1_boot.adf in DF0.

  6. Start the emulation. The A3000's "Superkickstart" bootstrap behavior is what you are reproducing: at power-on, the default path boots Amix (holding the right mouse button would instead load AmigaOS Kickstart on real hardware) ✅. WinUAE will run the bootblock from DF0, the Amix secondary bootstrap loads and decompresses the install kernel (you may see messages such as Load boot volume %d; failures print Decompression failed! or WARNING! Kernel file checksum mismatch.) ✅, and the kernel comes up.

  7. You reach the install kernel / first prompt. From here you are in the Amix installer flow: insert the root floppy when prompted, the s5 miniroot mounts, and the installer runs. That process is covered in detail in the install walkthrough.

Tip: Save this as a WinUAE configuration (e.g. amix-a3000ux.uae) immediately after step 6, so you never re-enter the table. A single wrong row (JIT back ON, RAM bumped past what the kernel can describe — ≈64 MB on the stock 030 kernel) is the most common cause of "it stopped booting."

After install: logging in

Once Amix is installed to the SCSI ID 6 disk and you boot from it, the default post-install login password is reported to be wasp 🟡 (community-reported; not primary-verified). You will set your own root password during the amixadm finishing step of the install. See first login and tour.

Tape-free installs

The tape image at SCSI ID 4 is the standard route, but a tape-free install is documented on comp.unix.amiga 🟡: write a cpio image of the distribution to the swap area (e.g. dd it from Linux or AmigaDOS) and extract it with cpio from the miniroot. If you use a non-standard tape drive on real hardware, the viper_kludge patch ships on the root floppy ✅ — but it is not needed under emulation, where you control the emulated tape device. See the install walkthrough for both routes.

Troubleshooting quick table

Symptom Most likely cause
Kernel panic shortly after boot JIT is ON — set it OFF ✅
Boot freezes; sort: fatal: line too long "More Compatible" is ON — set it OFF 🟡
Installer can't find a disk / SCSI errors Disk not at SCSI ID 6 ✅. Second cause, stock kernel only: the A3000 motherboard bank is bigger than 16 MB, so the kernel loads below 0x07000000 and the internal SCSI is never registered (VOP_OPEN error 6 at boot) — quirks §57 ✅.
Installer can't read the distribution Tape image not at SCSI ID 4 ✅
Decompression failed! / WARNING! Kernel file checksum mismatch. Corrupt or wrong boot.adf — re-verify against the checksum on amigaunix.com ✅
Won't map memory / boots then dies in MMU code MMU is OFF, or you used a non-A3000 ROM ✅

See also

Sources

  • The 2026-09-29 stock-kernel RAM-layout measurement ✅ — on the emulated bench the same 64 MB A3000 motherboard bank boots a kernel that probes for the A3000 SCSI and stops the pinned stock kernel at s5mountroot VOP_OPEN error 6 (no card 0), symbolised against the stock autocon() load-address guess (first-party record, 2026-09-29; quirks §57).
  • Research brief §8 (Emulation — WinUAE mandatory config table; "wasp" login 🟡), §2 (hardware minimums: 68030 + real MMU + 68882, 4 MB Fast RAM minimum — its old "16 MB ceiling" retracted 2026-09-15, SCSI ID 6 disk / ID 4 tape), §3 (Superkickstart boot path, RDB layout), §9 (installation flow, dd if=/dev/rmt/4hn … | cpio, tape-free install, viper_kludge).
  • amix_2.1_boot.adf analysis via tools/inspect-adf.sh (bootblock + compressed kernel; decompression/checksum strings) — brief §3, §10.
  • amigaunix.com (install media, image checksums, requirements).
  • Internet Archive: Commodore Amiga operating systems — Amix.
  • WinUAE MMU emulation since 2.6.0 (2013) — brief §8.
  • Amiberry as a full install-and-run target and the 1.0 classic kit's emulator — Amix on Amiberry; Installer-NG (not public) docs/public-classic-README.txt ("Tested in emulation only (Amiberry …)", "Amiberry 8.3.0 or newer") and docs/releases/1.0.md ("Emulator acceptance (Amiberry)").